Manufacture of hydraulic cement and the apparatus therefor.



PATENTED OCT. 30, 1906.

- B. ENRIGHT. MANUFACTURE OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT AND THE APPARATUSTHEREFOR.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 12.1906.

a sm /sn' 2 f PATENTED 001. so, 1906.

B. ENRIGHT. MANUFACTURE OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT AND THE APPARATUS THEREFOR.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 12.1906.

Um W .1 m %\N in ,7 A A a .v 0 Q & R A R a w 7 k2? 2 2 6? 2? 2 3/? a? A?QQQ a a b E A N Z WWQ: H \k 6 no Q W 5 k g j R N R 1 N 2 N \R \N k I. NNC w w J in which the products of combustion and de- ITED STATES PATENT.OFFICE.)

BERNARD ENRIGHT, oF soUrH BETHLEHEM, PENNSYLVANIA.-

' MANUFACTURE HYDSRAULIC CEMENT AND THE APPARATUS THEREFOR. T

To all when), it may concern: y

' Be it known that I, BERNARD ENRIGHT, a

. citizen of the United States, residing in South ture hydraulic cementin-an economical man-.

ner and to utilize the gases produced in such manufacture for variouspurposes.

In my United States Patent N 0. 815,080, of March 13, 1906, I have shownan apparatus composition from a rotary clinker-forming cement-kiln .areconveyed 'to a vertical kiln charged with incandescent fuel andcementproducing material wherein the cement-pro-' ducin material iscalcined and the carbon dioxi issuing from the rotary kiln, as well asthat formed or set free in the vertical kiln, are

converted into carbon monoxid, such carbon monoxid being employed forvarioussindus,

trial purposes, such as to run gas-engines, asist in heating a rotarykiln, &c.

I have found that cement-making apparatus may be so organized andoperated that economic results may be obtained by causing j the productsof combustion and decomposition from a rotary kiln to pass through avertical kiln without having its carbon .dioxid reduced to carbonmonoxid, the carbon dioxid being allowed to pass through the verticalkiln, or if the gases are rich in carbon monoxid such carbon monoxid maybe changed to carbon dioxid in the vertical kiln and the carbon dioxidissuing fromthe vertical kiln may'subsequently be changed to carbonmonoxid in retorts or gas-pro ucers. I have also found that'theapparatus may be so organized and operated that the cement- A producingmaterial may be calcined without to a gas-producer wherein they may beconthe useof'said fuel in the vertical kiln and that'the gases rich in00, may be allowed to escape from the vertical kiln and be conveyed awayor stored for any desired use or carried verted into carbon monoxid andas such 'use,d,-to grun gas-engines, employed to heat .bbilers,;.forheating the chargein. a vertical .kiln, andfor'other-purposes. v Inapparatus organized in accordance with A 'myoim rovements I ma 'utilizethe sensible heat 0 the ases from t e rotary kiln in the Specificationof Letters Patent. I e Application filed June 12, 1906. Serial No.321,340.

fed with CO, from the Iatented Oct. 39,1906.

vertical kiln in connection with the heat produced by the combustion ofthe carbon monoxid obtained from producers preferably vertical kiln. 6

' The apparatus which I have devisedforf carrying out my improvementscontains certain novel organizations of instrumentalities involving newmodes of o eration, all of which will be hereinafter full y explained.

' One of the important differences between my present improvements andthe apparatus shown in my prior patent is that w ereas in my priorpatent I- caused CO received from the rotary kiln and theCO, produced orset free in the vertical kiln to be largely or whollyconverted into 00before issuing from the vertical kiln, I now so construct the apparatusand conduct the process that CO, principally is caused to issue from thevertical kiln and this 00,, is subsequently converted into CO.Ipreferably also according to my resent improvements use no solid fuelin t e vertical kiln, depending entirely upon the sensible heat receivedfrom the rotary-kiln gases and the heat produced by the combustion oflpfloducer-gas or G0 supplied to the vertical Il. r. In the accompanyingdrawings, Figure 1 is a diagram showing the preferred form of ap- 8paratus embodying-my improvements. Fig. 2 is a plan view of a portion ofthis apparatus. Fig. 3 is a detail view of the devices employed forreceiving and carryingditway the gases issuing from the, vertical Fig. 4is a diagram showing a modified form 0 the ap paratus.

The rotary kiln A may be of any approved type. As shown, it is a rotaryclinker-formi mement-kiln of well-known construction. 5 0t er forms ofrotary kilns may be used. Fuel in the form ofgas, oil, or powdered coalmay be'supplied at a, and air may be ad-' mitted at a). .The u per orgas-discharging end of the kilnextendh into a casin or hous- 10o ing B,which communicates, throug aflue C, with a shaft D, forming the lowerpart of the vertical kiln E. The cement-f0 material may be supplied tothe'kiln through a conveyer Af Baffle-plates c c are employed to arrestthe dust, or aportion of it, entering the housing and to direct it intoa trough B from which it may be removed automatically or otherwise inany suitable way. a The plate fc also serves to direct the products ofcom- 11o bustion toward the vertical kiln. y y The housing .ordust-chamber B is pro.- 1.

' B or to pass onl a portion of the products from the rotary 'ln intothe vertical kiln. A valve D is arranged in the flue C, and this can beused for regulating the passage of the products of combustion to thevertical By properly setting the valves 1) and D all of the products mapass to the vertical or some or all of t em may be passed to theemergency-stack.

The charge of the vertical kiln referably consists of layers ofcement-rock,l or any other suitable mixture of like nature,

no solid fuel being preferably employed. The

material may be charged in rather large lumps, so as to permit asuitable draft, and

theproducts of combustion from the vertical kiln pass out into anannular pipe X, Fig. 3-, whic surrounds the 1i per end of the verticalkiln and has severa ports :10 communicat-v ing therewith, as shown,whereby the gases may be evenly drawn off and distributed.

' At" the lower portion of the shaft D, 1 arrange hinged doors J, belowwhich is a compartment K. The burned lime-rock or 06- ment-rock isreceived on the doors J while the door K of the compartment K is closed.Then these doors J are lowered, emptying the charge of burned lime orcement rock into the compartment K, and then the doors. J

are raised, afiordin ,an air-tight closure The burned materia may thenbe removed from the compartment K, ground in the usual way, and fed tothe rotary kiln, where the clinkering is performed. I have found thatmaterial burned or partially calcined in this way is not only'moreeasily ground, but is more readily converted into clinker in the rotarykiln, and less fuel is required therein than would be the case if thematerial were not calcined in the manner specified.

The rotarclinkereforming kiln may be fed with fue and air in such proortions as to produce gases. rich in CO, or t e fuel and air may beadmitted in such proportions as to produce products of combustion in therota r1ch in C0,. These gases are conveye to the vertical kiln and theirsensible heat is imparted to the charge of limestone, 8nd, therein, Thegases issuing from the vertical kiln are largely CO gases. A portion ofthese gases may be conveyed to a gasproducer P, to which air and steammay be admitted at p, and in this roducer CO is reduced to O. A fan or bower R causes the gases from the producer to pass through a scrubber R,and thence the gases may be conveyed to a gas-engine R to a gasometer,or other place for storage oruse, or I may convey the C0,, gasesthroughabsorbers N N imestone,

.it enters the producers O 0'.

similar to those shown in my patent above mentioned, which may be cooledby air ad mitted at n or 1i The gases from the absorbers may be firstcarried througha scrubber N and then by the assistance of a suction-pumpor blower N conveyed to a gasstorage or pressure-equalizing tankN of anysuitable construction.

I so'operate the apparatus that a low pressure is maintained in thevertical kiln, as the gases are more easily liberated under a lowpressure than under high pressure, and by using suctionumps or blowersin the manner specified t e gases may be conveyed under suitablepressure toany desired point and through any desired ap. aratus.

The cooled gases ric in CO received by the tank N may be, if desired,carried to a condensing plant, and such condensed CO, may be used forvarious pur oses, or the gases may be conveyed one or more gas-producersO 0, two preferably being employed. Here the CO gases are reduced to CO,and the carbon monoxid may be made to pass, under suitable 'draft bymeans of a fan or blower 0 through a conduit S to any desired place foruse. For instance, it maybe allowed to escape through a branch pipe 8and burned under steam-boilers, or -it may be conveyed to the bottom ofthe vertical kiln. Preferably two connections are made to the verticalkiln-one in the lower portion of the stack and one at a higher elevationin the lower portion of the charge of limestone, &c. Here the CO gasesmay be burned for the purpose of calcining the charge in the verticalkiln. The sensible heat received from the rotar .-kiln asesv is notsufiicient to calcine the c rge; ut the sensible heat from the rotarykiln and the heat produced by the combustion of the pro ducer-gas assisteach other in calcining the charge. The air from the absorbers may beemployed to'assist combustion in both the yertical kiln and the rotarykiln. There IS a pipe M leadingi'rom the absorbers to the vertical kiln,being connected at two points or in two planes therewithnamely, near thebottom of the stack and also near the bottom of the'charge and there isa pipe or conduit M conveying the heated air to the alr-lnlet pipe a Airmay be admitted at to the pipe T to mix with the carbon dioxid beforeThese prof from tl ie tank N to IIO ducers are rovided with air andsteam inproducer-gas into the rotary kiln in the manner illustrated. Theproducers 0 may be used. singly or together, one be ng ralsed toincandescence while the other is producing CQ. At first air may be drawnthrough oiie introduced at the same time, so as to main- *so'rber'sN N.pipe U connected to the lower portions of the regenerators V and V theregenerators V V employedt thereof, taking theplaceof the stack B.

directed from such v2 of the drawings the preferred arrangement p pe '0,w ich discharges into the rotary I ower portions of the regeneratorswhen they producer in order to obtain incandescence and a goodheat'i'n-it,.after which the'gas, either alone or mixed with airintroduced at T, or to ether with air or steam, orboth, introduceddirectly into the producer at o 0, is directed through it. At the sametime air is being fed to the other producer, and when the rst iscooled-down by the reduction of the gas (CO, to CO) and the secondproducer heated to a bright incandescence the "gas is the first to thesecond producer, the reversals being made as theconditions require. Ifpreferred, the 'gascan be madeto pass through both producers at the sametime and continuously. In this case a properly-regulated amount of airshould be tain the proper temperature and conditions inthe roducer.

Pre erabl" the producer-gas and the air introduced lnto the rotary-kilnis heated before' admission thereto. 'Forthis purpose I' prreferablyemploystoves or regenerators V V of the construction shown, thearrangement being such that the stoves or regenerators may .be usedalternately. :The regenerators may be heated by hot clinker,- wood, orother fuel, or by producer-gas, or ggs ma be used in connection withother el have illustrated in 1 and of apparatus for heat' the as and air'ust before it enters the rolifiykili l. J

I have shown four regenerators V V V V, which are similar inconstruction to the ab- The blower U delivers to a The air-supply pipe as connected to the lower portions of The upper portions are connected toa kiln.

he upper portions 0 the regenerators V V are connected to a pi e v, towhich the fuelpipe. a is connecte and which discharges into the rotarykiln. cu indicates branch pipes, which convey producer-gas to the of there enerators V V are be ng heated, and w indicates air-inlets to supportombustion during the heating ofthe regenerators. Suitablevalves areproperly placed to re late theadmissionand discharge of air an gas. Bythis arrangement the regenerators may be used alternately, one set be'heated while the other set is 3%1681? the gas and air entering therotarykiln. i "In Fig. 4 the organization of apparatus is substantiallythe same as in '1, exce t that'the vertical kiln is placed immediatelyover the dust-box B instead of to [one side It will be understood thatall or only partof the gaseous products of combustion or deand acomposition from the rotary kiln may be made to pass through thevertical kiln. It will be also understood that the rotary kiln may be 0erated to produce a large percentage 0 carbon monoxid by using adeficiency of air and an excess of fuel in the rotary kiln. When such isthe case, air may be admitted to the vertical kiln in the manner shown,and the result will be that the carbon monoxid will burn in the verticalkiln and calcine the limestone or cement rock or the like therein. Therebeing in such case no solid fuel charge in the vertical kiln, the gasesissuing from the vertical kiln will be argely 002 containing little, ifany, CO, but are converted into a combustible gas by being drawn througha retort or gas-producer, as above described. The gases from therotarykiln can, however, be either rich or poor in carbon monoxid. Inthe latter case their sensible heat would be impahted to thevertical-kiln'char e, the calcining of. the charge being principa l doneby the produceras.

It will be undiarstood that While I pre er to have the vertical kilncontain no solid fuel solid fuel may be employed, and the apparatus maybe so operated as to produce carbon dioxid to be subsequently convertedinto carbon monoxid in the manner before explained.

Instead of limestone or cement-producing material other materials may besubstituted in the vertical kiln, and my apparatus may be employed todry or calcine many different materials. A temperature entirelysuflicierit to obtain either natural cement or Portland cement may bereadily obtained. If the charge in the vertical kiln is limestone alone,the' partially or completely calcined product from, it can be used aslime or used in the manufacture of hydraulic cement, If

the charge is cement-rock, cement-rock and limestone, cement rock andshale, shale, limestone and shale, or any other material or combinationof materials from which hydraulic cement can be manufactured, the

artially or completely calcined product can he used for this pur ose.These treatments will cause it to grin much more readily andalso burnfmuch more easily in the rotary kiln than if not thus treated. It mightbe possible to so operate the rotary kiln with a large excess of fueland insufficient air for its complete combustion as to obtain enoughcarbon monoxid from the rotary-kiln gases to effect the calcining of thecharge in the vertical kiln without returning any of the as after itpassed through the producer for t 's purpose.

WhileI have shown a rotary clinkerform- 'ing kiln of well-knownconstruction,-it will be I understood that I may'employ rotary kilns ofother constructions used for various materials.

While ,I have shown a single vertical kiln single rotarykiln,the-apparatus may 'be so organized that the gases from one or mor rotarykilns may be made to deliver and is not illustrated in the drawings.

While the preheating of the producer-gas is shown only in connectionwith its use in the rotary kiln, it is understood that this gas can bepreheated, as well as the air used for its combustion, for anyother'purposes in wliich such preheating is considered desirab e.

I claim as my invention 1. The herein-described process which consistsin causing the highlyeated gaseous prroducts of'combustion and decomosition om a rotary kiln to pass through a c arge of cement-producingmaterialin a vertical kiln causing the gases to impart their sensibleheat thereto, converting the carbon dioXid issuing from the verticalkiln into carbon monoXid and conveying suchcarbon monoxid to thevertical kiln to combine with the sensible heat from the rotary kiln tocalcine the charge therein.

2. The hereindescribed process which consists in causing thehighly-heated gaseous products of combustion and decom osition from arotary kiln to pass through a 0 oducing charge in a vertical kiln,converting the CO issuing from the vertical kiln, or a portion of it,into-CO and-in burning such 00 in the vertical kiln to calcine thecharge therein. a

'3. The hereindescribed consists in causing the highlyeated gaseousproducts of combustion and decomposition from a rotary clinker-formingcement-kiln rich in carbon monoxid to pass through a CO,- producingcharge in a vertical kiln to which air is admitted and wherein suchcarbon monoxid is converted into carbon dioXid and v then collecting andutilizing the carbon dioxid issuing from the vertical kiln.

4.. The herein-described process which consists in causing thehighly-heated gaseous products of combustion and decomposition from arotary clinker-forming cement-kiln to pass. through a CO -producingcharge in a vertical kiln to which air is admitted and in which thetemperature and conditions are such as to liberate CO from the chargeand to convert any CO coming from the rotary kiln into CO thenconverting the CO or a portion of it, issuing from the vertical kilninto CO and utilizing such CO while the calcined charge is collected andutilized, sub- 7 stantially as described.

' 5. The combination of a rotary kiln, a vertical kiln connectedtherewith, a gas-producer connected with the upper part of the verticalkiln and -connect1ons between the gas-producer and the lower art of theverti-- cal kiln and also between t e gas-producer and the rotary kiln.

6. The combination of a rotary kiln, a verrocess which nections betweenthe air-spaces of the absorber and both kilns.

8. The combination of a rotary kiln, a vertical kiln connectedtherewith, in which the charge is burned under low pressure, agasproducer connected with the upper part of the vertical kiln and asuction pump or blower, for assisting the draft and reducing thepressure, interposed in such connections between the vertical kiln andthe roducer.

9. The combination of a rotary iiln, a vertical kiln connectedtherewith, a gas-pro-' ducer connected with the upper part of thevertical kiln, means for conveying producergas from said producer to therotary kiln, and a regenerator or stove for heating the produceras justbefore its delivery to the rotary ki 11. 4

10. The combination of a rotary kiln, a vertical kiln connectedtherewith, a gaspro ducer connected with the upper part of the verticalkiln, means for conveying producergas from said producer to the rotarykiln, means for supplying air to the rotary kiln and a regenerator orstove for heating both the producer-gas and the air just before itenters the rotary kiln. 11. The combination of a rotary kiln, a verticalkiln, a gas-producer connected with the upper part of the vertical kiln,a heat-absorber interposed in said connections between thevertical kilnand the producer, means for conveyin air from the heat-ab sorber to the"rotary 11, means for conveying gas from the producer to the rotary kiln,and a stove or regenerator for heating both the air and the gas justbefore they are delivered to the rotary kiln.

12. The combination of a rotary kiln, a vertical kiln connectedtherewith, a gas-producer connected with the up er portion of thevertical kiln, a heat-absor er interposed in such connections, means forconveyin air from ,the heat-absorber to the vertical diiln and to therotary kiln, means for conveyin gas from the producer tothe verticalkiln and to the rotary kiln, and means for heating the gas and air priorto their delivery to the kilns.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

BERNARD ENRIGHT Witnesses:

PATRICK F. ENRIGHT, SUSAN FINN ENRIGHT.

IOC

